Results for 'Wendy A. Smith'

971 found
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  1.  21
    Broad Data Sharing in Genetic Research: Views of Institutional Review Board Professionals.Grrip Consortium Amy A. Lemke, Maureen E. Smith, Wendy A. Wolf, Susan Brown Trinidad - 2011 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 33 (3):1.
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  2.  35
    Neuropeptides, second messengers and insect molting.Lawrence I. Gilbert, Wendell L. Combest, Wendy A. Smith, Victoria H. Meller & Dorothy B. Rountree - 1988 - Bioessays 8 (5):153-157.
    Insect molting is elicited by a class of polyhydroxylated steroids, ecdysteroids, that originate in the prothoracic glands. Ecdysteroid synthesis in the prothoracic glands is controlled in large measure by a peptide hormone from the brain, prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), which exists in two forms and is released into the general circulation as a result of environmental and developmental cues. The means by which PTTH activates the prothoracic glands has been examined at the cellular level and the data reveal the involvement of (...)
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  3.  45
    A recurrent 16p12.1 microdeletion supports a two-hit model for severe developmental delay.Santhosh Girirajan, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Gregory M. Cooper, Francesca Antonacci, Priscillia Siswara, Andy Itsara, Laura Vives, Tom Walsh, Shane E. McCarthy, Carl Baker, Heather C. Mefford, Jeffrey M. Kidd, Sharon R. Browning, Brian L. Browning, Diane E. Dickel, Deborah L. Levy, Blake C. Ballif, Kathryn Platky, Darren M. Farber, Gordon C. Gowans, Jessica J. Wetherbee, Alexander Asamoah, David D. Weaver, Paul R. Mark, Jennifer Dickerson, Bhuwan P. Garg, Sara A. Ellingwood, Rosemarie Smith, Valerie C. Banks, Wendy Smith, Marie T. McDonald, Joe J. Hoo, Beatrice N. French, Cindy Hudson, John P. Johnson, Jillian R. Ozmore, John B. Moeschler, Urvashi Surti, Luis F. Escobar, Dima El-Khechen, Jerome L. Gorski, Jennifer Kussmann, Bonnie Salbert, Yves Lacassie, Alisha Biser, Donna M. McDonald-McGinn, Elaine H. Zackai, Matthew A. Deardorff, Tamim H. Shaikh, Eric Haan, Kathryn L. Friend, Marco Fichera, Corrado Romano, Jozef Gécz, Lynn E. DeLisi, Jonathan Sebat, Mary-Claire King, Lisa G. Shaffer & Eic - unknown
    We report the identification of a recurrent, 520-kb 16p12.1 microdeletion associated with childhood developmental delay. The microdeletion was detected in 20 of 11,873 cases compared with 2 of 8,540 controls and replicated in a second series of 22 of 9,254 cases compared with 6 of 6,299 controls. Most deletions were inherited, with carrier parents likely to manifest neuropsychiatric phenotypes compared to non-carrier parents. Probands were more likely to carry an additional large copy-number variant when compared to matched controls. The clinical (...)
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  4.  29
    Inaugurating a new area of comparative cognition research.J. David Smith, Wendy E. Shields & David A. Washburn - 2003 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26 (3):358-369.
    There was a strong consensus in the commentaries that animals' performances in metacognition paradigms indicate high-level decisional processes that cannot be explained associatively. Our response summarizes this consensus and the support for the idea that these performances demonstrate animal metacognition. We amplify the idea that there is an adaptive advantage favoring animals who can – in an immediate moment of difficulty or uncertainty – construct a decisional assemblage that lets them find an appropriate behavioral solution. A working consciousness would serve (...)
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  5. Managing Social-Business Tensions: A Review and Research Agenda for Social Enterprise.Wendy K. Smith, Michael Gonin & Marya L. Besharov - 2013 - Business Ethics Quarterly 23 (3):407-442.
    ABSTRACT:In a world filled with poverty, environmental degradation, and moral injustice, social enterprises offer a ray of hope. These organizations seek to achieve social missions through business ventures. Yet social missions and business ventures are associated with divergent goals, values, norms, and identities. Attending to them simultaneously creates tensions, competing demands, and ethical dilemmas. Effectively understanding social enterprises therefore depends on insight into the nature and management of these tensions. While existing research recognizes tensions between social missions and business ventures, (...)
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  6. A People Learning: Colonial Victorians and Their Public Museums 1860-1880 [Book Review].Wendy Smith - 2008 - Agora (History Teachers' Association of Victoria) 43 (4):68.
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  7.  19
    Teeth reveal juvenile diet, health and neurotoxicant exposure retrospectively: What biological rhythms and chemical records tell us.Tanya M. Smith, Luisa Cook, Wendy Dirks, Daniel R. Green & Christine Austin - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (9):2000298.
    Integrated developmental and elemental information in teeth provide a unique framework for documenting breastfeeding histories, physiological disruptions, and neurotoxicant exposure in humans and our primate relatives, including ancient hominins. Here we detail our method for detecting the consumption of mothers’ milk and exploring health history through the use of laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) mapping of sectioned nonhuman primate teeth. Calcium‐normalized barium and lead concentrations in tooth enamel and dentine may reflect milk and formula consumption with minimal modification during (...)
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  8.  62
    Broad Data Sharing in Genetic Research: Views of Institutional Review Board Professionals.Amy Lemke, Maureen Smith, Wendy Wolf & Susan Trinidad - 2011 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 33 (3):1-5.
    Genome-wide association studies raise important ethical and regulatory issues. This is particularly true of the current move toward broad sharing of genomic and phenotypic data. Our survey study examined the opinions of professionals involved in human subjects protection regarding genetic research review. The majority indicated that it is important for their institutional review board to offer guidance about developing and using a data repository or biobank that includes genetic data, and also about sharing this data with other investigators. Only one-third (...)
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  9.  28
    Justice unmasked: A semiotic analysis of Justitia.Wendy Sutherland-Smith - 2011 - Semiotica 2011 (185):213-222.
    Values such as justice, fairness, reason, and truth permeate the cultural fabric of societies. A key image of these values in many Western democracies is the legal icon of Justitia or Lady Justice as she embodies notions of justice. Examining such cultural constructions promotes discussion of assumed values and meanings pertaining to iconic representations. Semiotic analysis of Justitia and her compositional elements — the sword of justice, scales of justice, and blind-fold reveal tensions between the rhetoric and reality of our (...)
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  10.  57
    Exploring Environmental Factors in Nursing Workplaces That Promote Psychological Resilience: Constructing a Unified Theoretical Model.Lynette Cusack, Morgan Smith, Desley Hegney, Clare S. Rees, Lauren J. Breen, Regina R. Witt, Cath Rogers, Allison Williams, Wendy Cross & Kin Cheung - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  11.  28
    Effect of CCK-8 on intake of caffeine, ethanol, and water.Paul J. Kulkosky, W. Eric Holst, Wendy G. Smith & Max A. Dietze - 1991 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29 (5):441-444.
  12.  20
    ‘Inspired and assisted’, or ‘berated and destroyed’? Research leadership, management and performativity in troubled times.Sue Saltmarsh, Wendy Sutherland-Smith & Holly Randell-Moon - 2011 - Ethics and Education 6 (3):293 - 306.
    Research leadership in Australian universities takes place against a backdrop of policy reforms concerned with measurement and comparison of institutional research performance. In particular, the Excellence in Research in Australian initiative undertaken by the Australian Research Council sets out to evaluate research quality in Australian universities, using a combination of expert review process, and assessment of performance against ?quality indicators?. Benchmarking exercises of this sort continue to shape institutional policy and practice, with inevitable effects on the ways in which research (...)
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  13.  21
    The Education of Authenticity: Theological Schools in an Age of Individualization.Ted A. Smith - 2022 - Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 42 (2):289-306.
    The kind of theological schools that prevail in the US today emerged as hubs of networks of voluntary societies in the early national period. Through a brief history of Lyman Beecher and Lane Theological Seminary, I show both the power of these networks of voluntary associations to connect free individuals and their role in the project of white Protestant settlement. Now every part of those networks is eroding. Critics who blame this erosion on narcissistic individuals understate the individualizing powers of (...)
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  14.  21
    Twenty-First Century "Eugenics"?: The Enduring Legacy.Shelley L. Smith - 2016 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 59 (2):156-171.
    In her 2001 book Building a Better Race, Wendy Kline argues that the end of World War II did not spell the demise of eugenics; instead, proponents of eugenics were flexible enough to adapt, increasingly emphasizing “positive eugenics” and social responsibility. When the earlier attempt at quarantine failed, with a leakage of “immorality” to white, middle-class women, eugenicists moved on to another public health–focused metaphor, that of preventive medicine. Emphasizing nurture as well as nature preserved the end goal of (...)
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  15.  74
    Getting clearer on overdiagnosis.Wendy A. Rogers & Yishai Mintzker - 2016 - Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 22 (4):580-587.
    Overdiagnosis refers to diagnosis that does not benefit patients because the diagnosed condition is not a harmful disease in those individuals. Overdiagnosis has been identified as a problem in cancer screening, diseases such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes, and a range of mental illnesses including depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this paper, we describe overdiagnosis, investigate reasons why it occurs, and propose two different types. Misclassification overdiagnosis arises because the diagnostic threshold for the disease in question has (...)
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  16.  55
    Developmental origins of environmental ethics: The life experiences of activists.Wendy A. Horwitz - 1996 - Ethics and Behavior 6 (1):29 – 53.
    Twenty-nine environmental activists (mean age, 49.8) responded in writing to questions on influences that gave rise to environmental ethics in their own lives. Answers represented all phases of the lifespan. Through a qualitative analysis, six principle themes emerged: (a) deep environmental concern and an affiliation with nature often began in early childhood; (b) a combination of intellectual or academic and direct experiences with nature contributed to the development of environmental ethics; (c) familial and extra familial models were influential; (d) for (...)
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  17.  36
    Casting the net too wide on overdiagnosis: benefits, burdens and non-harmful disease.Wendy A. Rogers & Yishai Mintzker - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (11):717-719.
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  18.  28
    Activism and Bioethics: Taking a Stand on Things That Matter.Wendy A. Rogers & Jackie Leach Scully - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (4):32-33.
    The question of whether activism should be overtly embraced as part of the bioethicist's role deserves serious consideration. Like others, we agree that bioethics is inescapably partisan; bioethical deliberation is based on trying to determine morally relevant features of situations and morally justifiable outcomes. Where disagreement arises is over the degree to which bioethicists should be activists. Meyers argues for a somewhat circumscribed role, limited to action on ethically concerning institutional matters, for those who are financially independent of the institutions. (...)
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  19.  65
    Fragility, uncertainty, and healthcare.Wendy A. Rogers & Mary J. Walker - 2016 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 37 (1):71-83.
    Medicine seeks to overcome one of the most fundamental fragilities of being human, the fragility of good health. No matter how robust our current state of health, we are inevitably susceptible to future illness and disease, while current disease serves to remind us of various frailties inherent in the human condition. This article examines the relationship between fragility and uncertainty with regard to health, and argues that there are reasons to accept rather than deny at least some forms of uncertainty. (...)
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  20.  63
    Addressing Within-Role Conflicts of Interest in Surgery.Wendy A. Rogers & Jane Johnson - 2013 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 10 (2):219-225.
    In this paper we argue that surgeons face a particular kind of within-role conflict of interests, related to innovation. Within-role conflicts occur when the conflicting interests are both legitimate goals of professional activity. Innovation is an integral part of surgical practice but can create within-role conflicts of interest when innovation compromises patient care in various ways, such as by extending indications for innovative procedures or by failures of informed consent. The standard remedies for conflicts of interest are transparency and recusal, (...)
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  21.  48
    Ethical issues raised by thyroid cancer overdiagnosis: A matter for public health?Wendy A. Rogers, Wendy L. Craig & Vikki A. Entwistle - 2017 - Bioethics 31 (8):590-598.
    Current practices of identifying and treating small indolent thyroid cancers constitute an important but in some ways unusual form of overdiagnosis. Overdiagnosis refers to diagnoses that generally harm rather than benefit patients, primarily because the diagnosed condition is not a harmful form of disease. Patients who are overdiagnosed with thyroid cancer are harmed by the psycho-social impact of a cancer diagnosis, as well as treatment interventions such partial or total thyroidectomy, lifelong thyroid replacement hormone, monitoring, surgical complications and other side (...)
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  22.  92
    The Line-drawing Problem in Disease Definition.Wendy A. Rogers & Mary Jean Walker - 2017 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 42 (4):405-423.
    Biological dysfunction is regarded, in many accounts, as necessary and perhaps sufficient for disease. But although disease is conceptualized as all-or-nothing, biological functions often differ by degree. A tension is created by attempting to use a continuous variable as the basis for a categorical definition, raising questions about how we are to pinpoint the boundary between health and disease. This is the line-drawing problem. In this paper, we show how the line-drawing problem arises within “dysfunction-requiring” accounts of disease, such as (...)
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  23.  60
    Analysing the ethics of breast cancer overdiagnosis: a pathogenic vulnerability.Wendy A. Rogers - 2019 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 22 (1):129-140.
    Breast cancer screening aims to help women by early identification and treatment of cancers that might otherwise be life-threatening. However, breast cancer screening also leads to the detection of some cancers that, if left undetected and untreated, would not have damaged the health of the women concerned. At the time of diagnosis, harmless cancers cannot be identified as non-threatening, therefore women are offered invasive breast cancer treatment. This phenomenon of identifying non-harmful cancers is called overdiagnosis. Overdiagnosis is morally problematic as (...)
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  24.  47
    Evaluation of artificial intelligence clinical applications: Detailed case analyses show value of healthcare ethics approach in identifying patient care issues.Wendy A. Rogers, Heather Draper & Stacy M. Carter - 2021 - Bioethics 35 (7):623-633.
    Bioethics, Volume 35, Issue 7, Page 623-633, September 2021.
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  25.  30
    Improving Military IRB Efficiency: Envisioning Broader Changes.Wendy A. Cook & Alexander A. Kon - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (8):41-43.
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  26.  43
    What Feminist Bioethics Can Bring to Synthetic Biology.Wendy A. Rogers & Jacqueline Dalziell - 2023 - International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 16 (2):46-63.
    Synthetic biology (synbio) involves designing and creating new living systems to serve human ends, using techniques including molecular biology, genomics, and engineering. Existing bioethical analyses of synbio focus largely on balancing benefits against harms, the dual-use dilemma, and metaphysical questions about creating and commercializing synthetic organisms. We argue that these approaches fail to consider key feminist concerns. We ground our normative claims in two case studies, focusing on the public good, who holds and wields power, and synbio research projects’ particularity (...)
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  27.  36
    Reports of new healthcare AI interventions should include systematic ethical evaluations.Wendy A. Rogers, Heather Draper & Stacy M. Carter - 2022 - Bioethics 36 (6):728-730.
    Bioethics, Volume 36, Issue 6, Page 728-730, July 2022.
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  28.  15
    Ethics, Pandemic Planning and Communications.Wendy A. Rogers & Connal Lee - 2006 - Monash Bioethics Review 25 (4):9-18.
    In this article we examine the role and ethics of communications in planning for an influenza pandemic. We argue that ethical communication must not only he effective, so that pandemic plans can be successfully implemented, communications should also take specific account of the needs of the disadvantaged, so that they are not further disenfranchised. This will require particular attention to the role of the mainstream media which may disadvantage the vulnerable through misrepresentation and exclusion.
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  29.  32
    What can neuroanatomy tell us about the functional components of the hippocampal memory system?Wendy A. Suzuki - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (3):496-498.
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  30.  29
    (1 other version)Practical ethics for general practice.Wendy A. Rogers - 2004 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by Annette J. Braunack-Mayer.
    The aim of this book is to provide an accessible account of ethics in general practice, addressing concerns identified by practitioners. It contains many examples and allows the reader to gain practical insights into how to identify and analyze the ethical issues they encounter in everyday general practice.
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  31.  42
    Smoke and mirrors: unanswered questions and misleading statements obscure the truth about organ sources in China.Wendy A. Rogers, Torsten Trey, Maria Fiatarone Singh, Madeleine Bridgett, Katrina A. Bramstedt & Jacob Lavee - 2016 - Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (8):552-553.
  32.  24
    Questionable informed consent of vulnerable pregnant research participants in South India – What a staff reminder poster does not say.Wendy A. Cook - 2015 - Nursing Ethics 22 (2):264-272.
  33.  67
    Characteristics of environmental ethics: Environmental activits' accounts.Wendy A. Horwitz - 1994 - Ethics and Behavior 4 (4):345 – 367.
    This article describes a qualitative investigation of environmental ethics as construed by environmental activists. Twenty-nine participants responded in writing to open-ended questions on their definitions of an environmental ethic, how they expressed and experienced this moral orientation in their lives, and what sustained it. Four major themes emerged. First, ethical consideration of the natural environment pervaded morality, values, and private and public life. Second, emotional or spiritual experiences, or personal fulfillment, were important for many. Third, there was disagreement on the (...)
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  34.  19
    The Ethics of Surgical Research and Innovation.Wendy A. Rogers & Katrina Hutchison - 2022 - In Tomas Zima & David N. Weisstub (eds.), Medical Research Ethics: Challenges in the 21st Century. Springer Verlag. pp. 217-232.
    Surgical advances can provide great benefits to patients but can come at a cost. The successes are often matched by failures that cause harm to patients. The risks of surgery create a strong ethical imperative for research to establish the safety and efficacy of new treatments. Surgical research is, however, challenging for a number of reasons including the lack of a clear boundary between variations in practice, innovation and research, its irreversible nature, the difficulty of performing placebo-controlled randomised trials, confounding (...)
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  35.  13
    Stopping Criminalization at the Bedside.Wendy A. Bach & Mishka Terplan - 2023 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 51 (3):533-537.
    Low-income women and, disproportionately low-income women of color seeking reproductive and pregnancy care are increasingly subject to what this article terms carceral care – care compromised by its’ proximity to punishment systems. This article identifies the legal and health care practice mechanisms leading to carceral care and proposes solutions designed to stop criminalization at the bedside.
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  36. Risk, Overdiagnosis and Ethical Justifications.Wendy A. Rogers, Vikki A. Entwistle & Stacy M. Carter - 2019 - Health Care Analysis 27 (4):231-248.
    Many healthcare practices expose people to risks of harmful outcomes. However, the major theories of moral philosophy struggle to assess whether, when and why it is ethically justifiable to expose individuals to risks, as opposed to actually harming them. Sven Ove Hansson has proposed an approach to the ethical assessment of risk imposition that encourages attention to factors including questions of justice in the distribution of advantage and risk, people’s acceptance or otherwise of risks, and the scope individuals have to (...)
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  37. Philosophy and Geography 1: Space, Place and Environmental Ethics.A. Light & J. Smith - 1999 - Environmental Values 8 (4):526-527.
     
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  38.  43
    Responding to unethical research: the importance of transparency.Wendy A. Rogers, Wendy C. Higgins, Angela Ballantyne & Wendy Lipworth - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (10):691-692.
    We thank Goldstein and Peterson, Caplan, and Bramstedt for engaging with our paper on the ethics of publishing and using Chinese transplant research that involves organs procured from executed prisoners.1–4 In that paper, we examine consequentialist and deontological arguments for and against using data from unethical research. Goldstein and Peterson question the relationship between the social and scientific value of the research and the decision to publish the results. They argue that the failure to publish scientifically valid and socially valuable (...)
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  39. Is There a Tension Between Doctors' Duty of Care and Evidence-Based Medicine?Wendy A. Rogers - 2002 - Health Care Analysis 10 (3):277-287.
    The interaction between evidence-based medicineand doctors' duty of care to patients iscomplex. One the one hand, there is surely anobligation to take account of the bestavailable evidence when offering health care topatients. On the other hand, it is equallyimportant to be aware of important shortcomingsin the processes and practices ofevidence-based medicine. There are tensionsbetween the population focus of evidence-basedmedicine and the duties that doctors have toindividual patients. Implementingevidence-based medicine may have unpredictableconsequences upon the overall quality of healthcare. Patients may have (...)
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  40. 9. Journeys toward Hope: The Quest of Delbanco's The Real American Dream in the Autobiographical Writings of Anne Lamott and Kathleen Norris.Wendy A. Weaver - 2002 - Logos. Anales Del Seminario de Metafísica [Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España] 5 (4).
     
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  41. Lottery judgments: A philosophical and experimental study.Philip A. Ebert, Martin Smith & Ian Durbach - 2017 - Philosophical Psychology 31 (1):110-138.
    In this paper, we present the results of two surveys that investigate subjects’ judgments about what can be known or justifiably believed about lottery outcomes on the basis of statistical evidence, testimonial evidence, and “mixed” evidence, while considering possible anchoring and priming effects. We discuss these results in light of seven distinct hypotheses that capture various claims made by philosophers about lay people’s lottery judgments. We conclude by summarizing the main findings, pointing to future research, and comparing our findings to (...)
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  42.  34
    Toward a cognitive science of category learning.Robert L. Campbell & Wendy A. Kellogg - 1986 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9 (4):652-653.
  43.  36
    The family theory–practice gap: a matter of clarity?Cheryl A. Segaric & Wendy A. Hall - 2005 - Nursing Inquiry 12 (3):210-218.
    Despite recognition of the importance of family in health‐care and progress in family theory development, there has been limited transfer of family theory to acute care nursing practice. We argue that this family theory–practice gap results from a persistent lack of conceptual clarity in family nursing and other barriers. Lack of conceptual clarity takes the form of conceptual overlap and semantic inconsistency, as well as the complexity of language found in the family nursing literature. Barriers include practice contexts, relational problems, (...)
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  44. Maximizing the Benefits of Participatory Design for Human–Robot Interaction Research With Older Adults.Wendy A. Rogers, Travis Kadylak & Megan A. Bayles - 2021 - Human Factors 64 (3):441–450.
    Objective We reviewed human–robot interaction (HRI) participatory design (PD) research with older adults. The goal was to identify methods used, determine their value for design of robots with older adults, and provide guidance for best practices. Background Assistive robots may promote aging-in-place and quality of life for older adults. However, the robots must be designed to meet older adults’ specific needs and preferences. PD and other user-centered methods may be used to engage older adults in the robot development process to (...)
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  45.  67
    Social justice and pandemic influenza planning: The role of communication strategies.Connal Lee, Wendy A. Rogers & Annette Braunack-Mayer - 2008 - Public Health Ethics 1 (3):223-234.
    Department of Medical Education, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001. Tel. : +61-8-7225-1111; Fax: +61-8-8204-5675; Email: lee0359{at}flinders.edu.au ' + u + '@ ' + d + ' '/ /- ->.This paper analyses the role of communication strategies in pandemic influenza planning. Our central concern is with the extent to which nations are using communication to address issues of social justice. Issues associated with disadvantage and vulnerability to infection in the event of an influenza pandemic raise (...)
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  46. Discovering Existence with Husserl.Emmanuel Levinas, Richard A. Cohen & Michael B. Smith - 1998 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 190 (4):532-533.
     
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  47.  27
    Selective rehearsal and selective recall.Margaret W. Matlin & Wendy A. Underhill - 1979 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 14 (5):389-392.
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  48.  68
    A New Approach to Defining Disease.Mary Jean Walker & Wendy A. Rogers - 2018 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 43 (4):402-420.
    In this paper, we examine recent critiques of the debate about defining disease, which claim that its use of conceptual analysis embeds the problematic assumption that the concept is classically structured. These critiques suggest, instead, developing plural stipulative definitions. Although we substantially agree with these critiques, we resist their implication that no general definition of “disease” is possible. We offer an alternative, inductive argument that disease cannot be classically defined and that the best explanation for this is that the concept (...)
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  49.  72
    Ethical Justifications for Access to Unapproved Medical Interventions: An Argument for (Limited) Patient Obligations.Mary Jean Walker, Wendy A. Rogers & Vikki Entwistle - 2014 - American Journal of Bioethics 14 (11):3-15.
    Many health care systems include programs that allow patients in exceptional circumstances to access medical interventions of as yet unproven benefit. In this article we consider the ethical justifications for—and demands on—these special access programs (SAPs). SAPs have a compassionate basis: They give patients with limited options the opportunity to try interventions that are not yet approved by standard regulatory processes. But while they signal that health care systems can and will respond to individual suffering, SAPs have several disadvantages, including (...)
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  50.  54
    Revisiting the equity debate in COVID-19: ICU is no panacea.Angela Ballantyne, Wendy A. Rogers, Vikki Entwistle & Cindy Towns - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (10):641-645.
    Throughout March and April 2020, debate raged about how best to allocate limited intensive care unit (ICU) resources in the face of a growing COVID-19 pandemic. The debate was dominated by utility-based arguments for saving the most lives or life-years. These arguments were tempered by equity-based concerns that triage based solely on prognosis would exacerbate existing health inequities, leaving disadvantaged patients worse off. Central to this debate was the assumption that ICU admission is a valuable but scarce resource in the (...)
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